Utilization of Corn (Zea Mays) wastes in Bioethanol production by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation
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Published:
Dec 28, 2021
Keywords:
Bioethanol, corn wastes, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation
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Abstract
The study investigates the feasibility of producing bioethanol from corn (Zea mays) wastes. Corn cobs, husks and grains were collected from Githurai market and analysis was done in the Kenyatta university laboratory. Wastes were physically pre-treated to increase their surface area for enzymatic reactions. Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation were carried out by using Aspergillus niger for enzymatic hydrolysis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast for fermentation at different incubation temperatures (28oC, 30oC, 32oC) and times (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). Fermentation was carried out in 150 ml cotton- plugged conical flasks containing 100 ml sample hydrolysates inoculated with 2 ml cultured yeast suspension. Ethanol concentration was determined by potassium dichromate oxidation method after each incubation time and expressed as % v/v whilst ethanol yield (l/kg) was derived from the ethanol concentration divided by the quantity of substrates used. Maximum yields of 1.84 l/kg, 1.76 l/kg and 2.05 l/kg were obtained from 50 g of pre-treated corn cobs, corn husks and corn grains respectively. The optimum temperature for maximum ethanol yield in all corn substrates was 30oC whilst incubation time 96 hours, 48 hours and 24 hours were optimum for ethanol production in corn cobs, corn husks and corn grains respectively. Results show that bioethanol can easily be produced from corn wastes and is recommended that they are used wisely for energy generation specifically bioethanol to add value to them rather than landfilling.
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How to Cite
Osei, J. A. (2021). Utilization of Corn (Zea Mays) wastes in Bioethanol production by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation. Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability, 5(3), 146–154. https://doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v5i3.163
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References
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Braide, W., Kanu, I.A., Oranusi, U.S. & Adeleye, S.A. (2016). Production of bioethanol from agricultural waste. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 8(2), 373-386. https://doi: 10.4314/jfas.v8i2.14
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Irfan, M., Nadeem, M., & Syed, Q. (2014). Ethanol production from agricultural wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 45(2), 457-465.
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Li, A., Antizar-Ladislao, B. & Khraisheh, M. (2007). Bioconversion of municipal solid waste to glucose for bioethanol production. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering,3 0(3), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-007-0114-3
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Shrivastava, S., Tekriwal, K.G., Kharkwal, A.C., & Varma, A. (2014). Bioethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using microbial consortium. International Journal of Current Microbial Applied Science, 3, 505-511.
Singh, M., & Kumar, S. (Eds.). (2016). Broadening the genetic base of grain cereals. Springer.
Tahir, A.,Aftab, M.,&Farasat, T. (2010). Effect of cultural conditions on ethanol production by locally isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae BIO-07. Journal of Applied Pharmacy, 3(2), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.21065/19204159.2.72
Talebnia, F. (2008). Ethanol production from cellulosic biomass by encapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
Tambuwal, A.D., Baki, A.S.& Bello, A. (2018). Bioethanol production from corn cobs wastes as biofuel. Direct Research Journal of Biology and Biotechnology. 4(2), 22-26 doi: https://doi.org/10.26765/DRJBB.2018.5701.
Tropea, A., Wilson, D., La Torre,L.G., Curto,R.B.L.,Saugman,P., Troy-Davies,P.,Dugo, G. & Waldron, K.W. (2014). Bioethanol production from pineapple wastes. Journal of Food Research, 3(4), 60. https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n4p60
Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut Voor Biotechnologie. (2017). Maize in Africa. International Plant Biotechnology Outreach. www.ipbo.vib-urgent.be
Virginie, G., Pascal, A.D.C., Diane, B.E.T., Felicien, A., Valentine, W., Dominique, S.K.C. (2018). Alternatives for valorisation of agricultural resources for low commercial value in Benin: Production of First Generation’s Bioethanol: A review. Chemistry Research Journal, 3(4),9-16.
Williams, A. (2017). The production of bioethanol and biogas from paper sludge. (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch.
Yesmin, M.N., Azad, M.A.K., Kamruzzaman, M.,Uddin, M.N. (2020). Bioethanol production from corn, pumpkin and carrot of Bangladesh as renewable source using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acta Chemica Malaysia 4(2). https://doi:10.2478/acmy-2020-0008
Agrawal, T., Jadhav, S. K., & Quraishi, A.(2019). Bioethanol production from an agro-waste, de-oiled rice bran by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 4780 via Optimization of fermentation parameters. EnvironmentAsia, 12(1), 20-24. https://doi:10.14456/ea.2019.3
Akpan, U.G., Alhakim, A. A. & Ijah, U.J.J. (2008). Production of ethanol fuel from organic and food wastes. Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, 7(13), 001-011.
Ali, E. N.,& Kemat, S.Z. (2017). Bioethanol produced from Moringa oleifera seeds husk. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 206(1), 0120. https://doi:10.1088/1757-899X/206/1/012019
Azhar, S.H.M., Abdulla, R., Jambo, S.A., Marbawi, H., Gansau, J.A., Faik, Bekatorou,A., Psarianos, C.,& Koutinas, A.A.(2006). Production of food grade yeasts. Food Technology & Biotechnology, 44(3), 407-415.
Braide, W., Oji, I.O., Adeleye, S.A. and Korie, M.C. (2018). Comparative study of bioethanol production from agricultural wastes by Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. International Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 6, 50-60.
Braide, W., Kanu, I.A., Oranusi, U.S. & Adeleye, S.A. (2016). Production of bioethanol from agricultural waste. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 8(2), 373-386. https://doi: 10.4314/jfas.v8i2.14
Endalew, A. (2015). Isolation of α-amylase producing fungi from South Western part of Ethiopia, Characterization and Evaluation of the Enzyme for Bioethanol Production. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Fahrizal, F., Muzaifa,M., & Muslim,M. (2013).The effects of temperature and length of fermentation on bioethanol production from Arenga plant (Arenga pinnata MER). International Journal of Advanced Science, Engineering and Information, 3(3), 244-247. https://doi:10.18517./ijaseit.3.3.328
Gerlach, M. (2012). Bioethanol Potential of Preserved Bio waste. Unpublished bachelor’s dissertation, Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Finland.
Gibson, B.R., Lawrence, S.J., Leclaire, J.P., Powell, C.D., &Smart, K.A. (2007). Yeast Responses to stresses associated with industrial brewery handling. FEMS microbiology reviews, 31(5), 535-569.
Irfan, M., Nadeem, M., & Syed, Q. (2014). Ethanol production from agricultural wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 45(2), 457-465.
Khamala, E.M. & Alex, A.A. (2013). Municipal solid waste composition and characteristics relevant to the waste-to-energy disposal method for Nairobi city. Global Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 2(4), 1-6.
Kim, J.H., Lee, J.C. & Pak, D. (2011). Feasibility of producing ethanol from food waste. Waste management, 31(10), 22121-2125. https://doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.04.011
Kumar, A., Rajput, L.P.S., Nema, S. & Tantwai, K. (2019). Bioethanol production from waste corn using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus awamori. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(8), 2437-2445.
Li, A., Antizar-Ladislao, B. & Khraisheh, M. (2007). Bioconversion of municipal solid waste to glucose for bioethanol production. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering,3 0(3), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-007-0114-3
Neagu, D., Destain,J., Thonart, P., & Socaciu, C. (2012). Trichoderma reesei cellulase produced by submerged versus solid state fermentations. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture, 69(2), 1843-5386.
Nuwamanya, E., Chiwona-Karltun, L., Kawuki, R.S. & Baguma, Y.(2012). Bioethanol production from non-food parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Ambio, 41(3), 262-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0183-z
Osei, J.A., Manohar, S. & Kitur, E. (2020). Effects of different incubation methods on Ethanol production from selected food wastes products. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability ,4(3), 64-69. https://doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2020.4.3.64-69
Ranum, P., Peñaâ€Rosas, J. P. & Garciaâ€Casal, M. N. (2014). Global maize production, utilization, and consumption. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1312(1), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12396
Schwietzke, S., Kim,Y., Ximenes,E.,Mosier,N.,Ladisch, M. (2009). Ethanol production from maize. In Molecular Genetic Approaches to Maize Improvement (pp.347-364). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Shahzad, K., Sohail, M., & Hamid, A. (2019, April). Green ethanol production from cotton stalk. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science IOP Publishing, 257, 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/257/1/012025
Shrivastava, S., Tekriwal, K.G., Kharkwal, A.C., & Varma, A. (2014). Bioethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using microbial consortium. International Journal of Current Microbial Applied Science, 3, 505-511.
Singh, M., & Kumar, S. (Eds.). (2016). Broadening the genetic base of grain cereals. Springer.
Tahir, A.,Aftab, M.,&Farasat, T. (2010). Effect of cultural conditions on ethanol production by locally isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae BIO-07. Journal of Applied Pharmacy, 3(2), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.21065/19204159.2.72
Talebnia, F. (2008). Ethanol production from cellulosic biomass by encapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
Tambuwal, A.D., Baki, A.S.& Bello, A. (2018). Bioethanol production from corn cobs wastes as biofuel. Direct Research Journal of Biology and Biotechnology. 4(2), 22-26 doi: https://doi.org/10.26765/DRJBB.2018.5701.
Tropea, A., Wilson, D., La Torre,L.G., Curto,R.B.L.,Saugman,P., Troy-Davies,P.,Dugo, G. & Waldron, K.W. (2014). Bioethanol production from pineapple wastes. Journal of Food Research, 3(4), 60. https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n4p60
Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut Voor Biotechnologie. (2017). Maize in Africa. International Plant Biotechnology Outreach. www.ipbo.vib-urgent.be
Virginie, G., Pascal, A.D.C., Diane, B.E.T., Felicien, A., Valentine, W., Dominique, S.K.C. (2018). Alternatives for valorisation of agricultural resources for low commercial value in Benin: Production of First Generation’s Bioethanol: A review. Chemistry Research Journal, 3(4),9-16.
Williams, A. (2017). The production of bioethanol and biogas from paper sludge. (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch.
Yesmin, M.N., Azad, M.A.K., Kamruzzaman, M.,Uddin, M.N. (2020). Bioethanol production from corn, pumpkin and carrot of Bangladesh as renewable source using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acta Chemica Malaysia 4(2). https://doi:10.2478/acmy-2020-0008