Shoreline change analysis and its impact on coastal communities using remote sensing and GIS in the Kedungsepur Metropolitan area

Main Article Content

Trida Ridho Fariz
Nana Kariada Tri Martuti
Amnan Haris
Sapta Suhardono
Meilinda Damayanti
Norma Eralita

Abstract

Shoreline mapping plays an important role in sustainable coastal management, particularly in strategic areas such as the Kedungsepur Metropolitan Area. This study aims to analyzes shoreline changes and identifies their impact on coastal communities. Shoreline extraction was conducted using remote sensing data from Landsat satellite imagery, while the analysis of shoreline changes was performed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The results reveal that shoreline changes – both erosion and accretion – occurred across Kendal Regency, Semarang City, and Demak Regency. The most severe coastal erosion was identified in Bedono Village (Demak Regency), while the highest accretion occurred in Pidodo Kulon Village (Kendal Regency). When analyzed by watershed units, the highest accretion was found in the Bodri Watershed, one of the priority areas for revitalization. These findings highlight the need for integrated policy approaches that connect coastal and watershed management to ensure long-term sustainability.

Article Details

How to Cite
Fariz, T. R., Martuti, N. K. T., Haris, A., Suhardono, S., Damayanti, M., & Eralita, N. (2025). Shoreline change analysis and its impact on coastal communities using remote sensing and GIS in the Kedungsepur Metropolitan area. Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability, 9(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v9i1.419
Section
Articles
References

Alharbi, O. A., Hasan, S. S., Fahil, A. S., Mannaa, A., Rangel-Buitrago, N., & Alqurashi, A. F. (2023). Shoreline change rate detection applying the DSAS technique on low and medium resolution data: Case study along Ash Shu’aybah-Al Mujayrimah coastal Area of the Eastern Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 66, 103118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103118

Amalia, A. V, Fariz, T. R., Lutfiananda, F., Ihsan, H. M., Atunnisa, R., & Jabbar, A. (2024). Comparison of SWAT-based ecohydrological modeling in Rawa Pening Catchment Area, Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 13(1).

Andreas, H., Abidin, H. Z., Sarsito, D. A., & Pradipta, D. (2018). Insight Analysis on Dyke Protection Against Land Subsidence and The Sea Level Rise Around Northern Coast of Java (Pantura) Indonesia. Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, 5(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.5.1.101-114

Antari, A. V., Suryoputro, A. A. D., Atmodjo, W., Setiyono, H., & Maslukah, L. (2020). Analisis Ukuran Butir Sedimen di Perairan Muara Sungai Kali Bodri, Kecamatan Patebon, Kabupaten Kendal. Indonesian Journal of Oceanography, 2(3), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijoce.v2i3.8674

Apostolopoulos, D., & Nikolakopoulos, K. (2020). Assessment and quantification of the accuracy of low-and high-resolution remote sensing data for shoreline monitoring. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(6), 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060391

Arjasakusuma, S., Kusuma, S. S., Saringatin, S., Wicaksono, P., Mutaqin, B. W., & Rafif, R. (2021). Shoreline dynamics in East Java Province, Indonesia, from 2000 to 2019 using multi-sensor remote sensing data. Land, 10(2), 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020100

Astuti, B. I. D., Laksono, A., Muhammad, D. T. N., Nurbaiti, I. F., Hanifah, N. N., Wildiyanti, O. S., Junaedi, R. N., & Marfai, M. A. (2021). Dinamika perubahan garis pantai Kabupaten Kendal tahun 2000-2020. Majalah Geografi Indonesia, 35(1), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.62301

Ayalke, Z. G., Şişman, A., & Akpinar, K. (2023). Shoreline extraction and analyzing the effect of coastal structures on shoreline changing with remote sensing and geographic information system: Case of Samsun, Turkey. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 61, 102883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.102883

Barzehkar, M., Parnell, K. E., Soomere, T., Dragovich, D., & Engström, J. (2021). Decision support tools, systems and indices for sustainable coastal planning and management: A review. Ocean & Coastal Management, 212, 105813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105813

Besset, M., Gratiot, N., Anthony, E. J., Bouchette, F., Goichot, M., & Marchesiello, P. (2019). Mangroves and shoreline erosion in the Mekong River delta, Viet Nam. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 226, 106263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106263

Dewi, R. S., & Bijker, W. (2020). Dynamics of shoreline changes in the coastal region of Sayung, Indonesia. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 23(2), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2019.09.001

Gubernur Jawa Tengah. (2023). Rencana Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2024 - 2026. https://jdih.jatengprov.go.id/produk_hukum/pergub/2023pg0033012.pdf

Hadi, S. P. (2017). In search for sustainable coastal management: A case study of Semarang, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 55(1), 12054. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/55/1/012054

Haloho, E. H., & Purnaweni, H. (2020). Adaptasi Masyarakat Desa Bedono Terhadap Banjir Rob Di Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 9(4), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v9i4.28997

Handayani, W., Fisher, M. R., Rudiarto, I., Setyono, J. S., & Foley, D. (2019). Operationalizing resilience: A content analysis of flood disaster planning in two coastal cities in Central Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 35, 101073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101073

Hanifah, N. H., Mawandha, H. G., Abiy, F., Setyawan, C., Kesuma, L. M., & Rulisyani, D. S. (2023). Flood characteristics analyses in the Jratunseluna river basin due to the impact of Kedungsepur national strategic area development. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1233(1), 12058. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1233/1/012058

Hernández-Delgado, E. A. (2024). Coastal Restoration Challenges and Strategies for Small Island Developing States in the Face of Sea Level Rise and Climate Change. Coasts, 4(2), 235–286. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts4020014

Hossen, M. F., & Sultana, N. (2023). Shoreline change detection using DSAS technique: case of Saint Martin Island, Bangladesh. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 30, 100943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2023.100943

Indrayati, A., Rijanta, R., Muta’ali, L., & Rachmawati, R. (2023). Built-up area changes, spatial pattern and urban sprawling in Kedungsepur Metropolitan area. International Journal of Sustainable Development & Planning, 18(8), 2541-2546. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180825

Irfan, R., & Suprayogi, A. (2012). Analisis korelasi perubahan garis pantai kawasan pesisir Kota Semarang terhadap perubahan garis pantai pesisir Kabupaten Demak (dari Tahun 1989-2012). Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.14710/jgundip.2012.2250

Irsadi, A., Martuti, N. K. T., Abdullah, M., & Hadiyanti, L. N. (2022). Abrasion and Accretion Analysis in Demak, Indonesia Coastal for Mitigation and Environmental Adaptation. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 21(2), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2022.v21i02.022

KIARA. (2021). Pemerintah didesak untuk memulihkan desa pesisir yang tenggelam. https://www.kiara.or.id/2021/02/03/pemerintah-didesak-untuk-memulihkan-desa-pesisir-yang-tenggelam/

Kılar, H. (2023). Shoreline change assessment using DSAS technique: A case study on the coast of Meriç Delta (NW Türkiye). Regional Studies in Marine Science, 57, 102737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102737

Kurniawan, I. A., & Marfai, M. A. (2020). Shoreline changes analysis of Kendal Coastal Area. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 451(1), 12056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012056

Kusyanto, M., Koesmartadi, C., & Nurhayati, B. R. (2023). Kebertahanan Bangunan dengan Adaptif terhadap Lingkungan: Studi Kasus: Makam Syekh Mudzakir Desa Bedono, Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak. ATRIUM: Jurnal Arsitektur, 9(3), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v9i3.236

Lazuardi, Z., Karim, A., & Sugianto, S. (2022). Analisis perubahan garis pantai menggunakan Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) di Pesisir Timur Kota Sabang. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 7(1), 662–676. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v7i1.18872

Li, J., Ye, M., Pu, R., Liu, Y., Guo, Q., Feng, B., Huang, R., & He, G. (2018). Spatiotemporal change patterns of coastlines in Zhejiang Province, China, over the last twenty-five years. Sustainability, 10(2), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020477

Mahendra, I., Maulana, E., Wulan, T. R., Rahmadana, A. D. W., & Putra, A. S. (2017). Pemetaan kawasan rawan abrasi di Provinsi Jawa Tengah bagian utara. Bunga Rampai Kepesisiran Dan Kemaritiman Jawa Tengah, 2, 93–105.

Manik, R. D. L. R., & Wijayanto, A. W. (2023). Modeling coastal area change analysis of coastal urban areas at Semarang City, Indonesia: A Comparison of machine learning classifiers on optical satellite imageries. Proceedings of The International Conference on Data Science and Official Statistics, 2023(1), 265–273. https://doi.org/10.34123/icdsos.v2023i1.367

Marfai, M. A., Wijayanti, H., Triyanti, A., & Riasasi, W. (2021). Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Berbasis Ekosistem di Pesisir Utara Jawa Tengah. UGM PRESS.

Marques, J. N., & Khakhim, N. (2016). Kajian perubahan garis pantai menggunakan citra landsat multitemporal di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, 5(2).

Marsudi, S., & Lufira, R. D. (2021). Morfologi Sungai. CV. Ae Media Grafika.

Mbezi, J., Mango, J., Lubida, A., Valerian, R., & Kato, L. (2024). Exploring shoreline changes and their implications in coastal communities using GIS and remote sensing techniques: The case of eastern beaches of Unguja island, Tanzania. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 75, 103566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103566

Mishra, M., Sudarsan, D., Kar, D., Naik, A. K., Das, P. P., Santos, C. A. G., & da Silva, R. M. (2020). The development and research trend of using DSAS tool for shoreline change analysis: a scientometric analysis. Journal of Urban & Environmental Engineering, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.069077

Muskananfola, M. R., & Febrianto, S. (2020). Spatio-temporal analysis of shoreline change along the coast of Sayung Demak, Indonesia using Digital Shoreline Analysis System. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 34, 101060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101060

Natarajan, L., Sivagnanam, N., Usha, T., Chokkalingam, L., Sundar, S., Gowrappan, M., & Roy, P. D. (2021). Shoreline changes over last five decades and predictions for 2030 and 2040: a case study from Cuddalore, southeast coast of India. Earth Science Informatics, 14, 1315–1325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-021-00668-5

Novellino, A., Engwell, S. L., Grebby, S., Day, S., Cassidy, M., Madden-Nadeau, A., Watt, S., Pyle, D., Abdurrachman, M., & Edo Marshal Nurshal, M. (2020). Mapping recent shoreline changes spanning the lateral collapse of Anak Krakatau Volcano, Indonesia. Applied Sciences, 10(2), 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020536

Ondara, K., Dhiauddin, R., Wisha, U. J., & Rahmawan, G. A. (2020). Hydrodynamics features and coastal vulnerability of Sayung sub-district, Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology, 5(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2020.5.1.3996

Perwitasari, W. K., Muhammad, F., & Hidayat, J. W. (2020). Silvofishery as an alternative system of sustainable aquaculture in Mororejo Village, Kendal Regency. E3S Web of Conferences, 202, 6043. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206043

Pradhan, B., Rizeei, H. M., & Abdulle, A. (2018). Quantitative assessment for detection and monitoring of coastline dynamics with temporal RADARSAT images. Remote Sensing, 10(11), 1705. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111705

Putri, N. O. A., Ismanto, A., & Handoyo, G. (2024). Analisis Pengaruh Arus Sejajar Pantai (Longshore Current) Terhadap Potensi Abrasi di Perairan Kecamatan Kaliwungu, Kendal, Jawa Tengah. Indonesian Journal of Oceanography, 6(1), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijoce.v6i1.18986

Quang, D. N., Ngan, V. H., Tam, H. S., Viet, N. T., Tinh, N. X., & Tanaka, H. (2021). Long-term shoreline evolution using dsas technique: A case study of Quang Nam province, Vietnam. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(10), 1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101124

Rahman, B., Karmilah, M., Kautsary, J., & Ridlo, M. A. (2021). The tidal flooding causes in the north coast of Central Java: A systemic literature review. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(6), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.6.15

Rojahan, A. A., Ibrahim, I., & Noor, N. M. (2022). Analysis of rate of shoreline changes along the coastline of Kuala Terengganu. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography (MJTG), 48(1), 64–72.

Sanjoto, T. B., Juhadi, & Nugraha, S. B. (2019). Comparison of delta model in the north coast of Central Java using remote sensing techniques (Case study in Delta Comal, Delta Bodri and Delta Wulan). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 243(1), 12030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/243/1/012030

Setyawan, W. B., & Pamungkas, A. (2017). Perbandingan karakteristik oseanografi pesisir utara dan selatan Pulau Jawa: pasang-surut, arus, dan gelombang. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kelautan Dan Perikanan III, 191–202.

Sidiq, W. A. B. N., Sanjoto, T. B., Nayan, N., Sriyanto, S., & Fariz, T. R. (2025). Analysis of Mangrove Density Levels Change Based on Cloud Computing on Abrasion Area in the Coast of Semarang City. Geosfera Indonesia, 10(1), 64–80. https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v10i1.48079

Singh, N. (2024). Promoting Multi-stakeholder Collaboration for Nature-Based Sustainable Development. In Nature-Based Solutions in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: Harmonizing Nature and Progress (pp. 289–316). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76128-7

Solihuddin, T., Husrin, S., Salim, H. L., Kepel, T. L., Mustikasari, E., Heriati, A., Ati, R. N. A., Purbani, D., Mbay, L. O. N., & Indriasari, V. Y. (2021). Coastal erosion on the north coast of Java: adaptation strategies and coastal management. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 777(1), 12035. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/777/1/012035

Sunny, D. S., Islam, K. M. A., Mullick, M. R. A., & Ellis, J. T. (2022). Performance study of imageries from MODIS, Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 on measuring shoreline change at a regional scale. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 28, 100816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100816

Thakur, S., Mondal, I., Bar, S., Nandi, S., Ghosh, P. B., Das, P., & De, T. K. (2021). Shoreline changes and its impact on the mangrove ecosystems of some islands of Indian Sundarbans, North-East coast of India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 284, 124764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124764

van Rijn, L. C. (2011). Analytical and numerical analysis of tides and salinities in estuaries; part I: tidal wave propagation in convergent estuaries. Ocean Dynamics, 61(11), 1719–1741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0453-0

Velsamy, S., Balasubramaniyan, G., Swaminathan, B., & Kesavan, D. (2020). Multi-decadal shoreline change analysis in coast of Thiruchendur Taluk, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India, using remote sensing and DSAS techniques. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05800-1

Wang, X., Xiao, X., Zou, Z., Hou, L., Qin, Y., Dong, J., Doughty, R. B., Chen, B., Zhang, X., & Chen, Y. (2020). Mapping coastal wetlands of China using time series Landsat images in 2018 and Google Earth Engine. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 163, 312–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.03.014

Wirasatriya, A., Rochaddi, B., Faizah, A. N., Zainuri, M., Muslim, M., Setiyono, H., Hariadi, H., & Marwoto, J. (2017). Study of longshore current in the Mouth of Tuntang River in Morodemak Village, Demak Regency, Indonesia and its possible effect on forming the coastal morphology. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 8(11), 1–9.