The negative impact of illegal gold mining on the environmental sector in Batang Asai, Jambi
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Published:
Dec 31, 2018
Keywords:
penambangan emas tanpa izin, pendangkalan sungai, lingkungan, ikan Semah, Tor sp.
Main Article Content
Abstract
The negative impact of Illegal Gold Mining / IGM on the environmental sector in Batang Asai District, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi was investigated through a descriptive qualitative method. The purpose of this study was to determine the negative impact of IGM activities to several ecosystems, the effect of IGM on community activities, and some efforts to reduce IGM. The instruments of data collection included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analysed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion withdrawal. The results showed that IGM activity had a negative impact on the environment namely noise pollution, dust, degradation on the quality of Batang Asai River, forest conversion, river siltation, the emergence of large holes, overburden, soil abrasion, the disappearance of Meranti plants (Shorea sp. ) and Damar (Agathis Damara). Besides that, other impacts were the declining population of Semah Fish (Tor sp.) which had become the special characteristic of fish in the area. Some efforts were made by the government to overcome and foster IGM activities, e.g. by providing counselling and sanctions in a judicial and non-judicial manner that was carried out continuously.
Article Details
How to Cite
Susanti, T., Utami, W., & Hidayat, H. (2018). The negative impact of illegal gold mining on the environmental sector in Batang Asai, Jambi. Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability, 2(3), 128–143. https://doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v2i3.43
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Articles
References
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Dutu, R. (2016). Challenges and policies in Indonesia â€TM s energy sector. Energy Policy, 98, 513–519. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.09.009
Engstrom, D. R., Fitzgerald, W. F., Cooke, C. A., Lamborg, C. H., Drevnick, P. E., Swain, E. B., … Balcom, P. H. (2014). Atmospheric Hg Emissions from Preindustrial Gold and Silver Extraction in the Americas: A Reevaluation from Lake-Sediment Archives.
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Hazelhoff, M. H., & Torres, A. M. (2018). Gender differences in mercury-induced hepatotoxicity: Potential mechanisms. Chemosphere, 202, 330–338. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.106
Hoeber, O., Hoeber, L., Snelgrove, R., & Wood, L. (2017). Interactively producing purposive samples for qualitative research using exploratory search. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1798, 19–21.
Kepala Desa. (2017). Laporan Tahunan Desa Pekan Gedang.
Kitula, A. G. N. (2006). The Environmental and Socio-economic Impacts of Mining on Local Livelihoods in Tanzania : A Case Study of Geita District. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(14), 405–414. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.01.012
Kumar, A., Divoll, T. J., Ganguli, P. M., Trama, F. A., & Lamborg, C. H. (2018). Presence of artisanal gold mining predicts mercury bioaccumulation in five genera of bats ( Chiroptera ) *. Environmental Pollution, 236, 862–870. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.109
Langston, J. D., Lubis, M. I., Sayer, J. A., Margules, C., Boedhihartono, A. K., & Dirks, P. H. G. M. (2015). Comparative development benefits from small and large-scale mines in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Extractive Industries and Society, 2(3), 434–444. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2015.02.007
Limbong, D., Kumampung, J., Rimper, J., Arai, T., & Miyazaki, N. (2003). Emissions and environmental implications of mercury from artisanal gold mining in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The science of the Total Environment, 302(1–3), 227–236. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00397-2
Male, Y. T., Reichelt-Brushett, A. J., Pocock, M., & Nanlohy, A. (2013). Recent mercury contamination from artisanal gold mining on Buru Island, Indonesia - Potential future risks to environmental health and food safety. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 77(1–2), 428–433. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.011
Nakazawa, K., Nagafuchi, O., Kawakami, T., Inoue, T., Yokota, K., Serikawa, Y., … Elvince, R. (2016). Human health risk assessment of mercury vapour around artisanal small-scale gold mining area, Palu city, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 124, 155–162. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.042
Owusu-Nimo, F., Mantey, J., Nyarko, K. B., Appiah-Effah, E., & Aubynn, A. (2018). Spatial Distribution Patterns of Illegal Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (Galamsey) Operations in Ghana: A focus on the Western Region. Heliyon, 4(2), 1–36. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00534
Palacios-torres, Y., Caballero-gallardo, K., & Olivero-verbel, J. (2017). Mercury pollution by gold mining in a global biodiversity hotspot, the Choco biogeographic region, Colombia. Chemosphere. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.160
Ramires, C. R. (2007). Ethnobotany And The Loss Of Traditional Knowledge In The 21st Century. Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 5, 245–247.
Ranjan, R. (2018). The role of political-industry nexus in promoting illegal extraction of mineral resources and deforestation: A case of iron ore mining in Goa. Resources Policy, (February), 1–15. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.02.010
Rava, T., & Ramirez, D. (2018). A Systematic Review on The Management and Treatment of Mercury in Artisanal Gold Mining. The science of the Total Environment, 633, 816–824. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.241
Rettberg, A., & Ortiz-Riomalo, J. F. (2016). Golden Opportunity, or a New Twist on the Resource-Conflict Relationship: Links Between the Drug Trade and Illegal Gold Mining in Colombia. World Development, 84, 82–96. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.03.020
Shepherd, T., Rumengan, I., & Sahami, A. (2018). Post-depositional behaviour of mercury and arsenic in submarine mine tailings deposited in Buyat Bay, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Marine Environmental Research. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.028
Simbolon, D., Maxwel, S., Yulina, S., & Metode, M. (2010). Kandungan Merkuri dan Sianida pada Ikan yang Tertangkap dari Teluk Kao, Halmahera Utara. Ilmu Kelautan, 15(3), 126–134.
Spiegel, S. J. (2012). Governance Institutions, Resource Rights Regimes, and the Informal Mining Sector: Regulatory Complexities in Indonesia. World Development, 40(1), 189–205. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.015
Steckling, N., Tobollik, M., Plass, D., Hornberg, C., Ericson, B., Fuller, R., & Bose-O’Reilly, S. (2017). Global Burden of Disease of Mercury Used in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining. Annals of Global Health, 83(2), 234–247. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.12.005
Supangat A.B. (2013). Pengaruh gangguan pada kawasan hutan lindung terhadap kualitas air sungai: studi kasus di provinsi jambi. Indonesian Forest Rehabilitation Journal, 1(1), 75–89.
Syarifah Nurdawati, Niam Mulikhah, M. D. S. (2006). Sumber Daya Perikanan Perairan Sungai Batanghari Jambi. Bawal, 1(1), 1–9.
Telmer, K. H., & Veiga, M. M. (2008). World emissions of mercury from artisanal and small-scale gold mining. Mercury fate and transport in the global atmosphere: measurements, models and policy implications (UNEP global mercury partnership, mercury transport and fate research partnership ar. In Springer (pp. 131–132). http://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2
Tudesque, L., Grenouillet, G., Gevrey, M., Khazraie, K., & Brosse, S. (2012). Influence of small-scale gold mining on French Guiana streams : Are diatom assemblages valid disturbance sensors ? Ecological Indicators, 14, 100–106. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.018
Veiga, M. M., Angeloci-Santos, G., & Meech, J. A. (2014). Review of barriers to reduce mercury use in artisanal gold mining. Extractive Industries and Society, 1(2), 351–361. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2014.03.004
Veiga, M. M., Angeloci, G., Hitch, M., & Colon Velasquez-Lopez, P. (2014). Processing centres in artisanal gold mining. Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 535–544. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.015
Werthmann, K. (2017). The drawbacks of privatization: Artisanal gold mining in Burkina Faso 1986–2016. Resources Policy, 52(January), 418–426. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.04.007
Yulianti, R., Sukiyah, E., & Sulaksana, N. (2016). Dampak Limbah Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin (PETI) terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Limun Kabupaten Sarolangun Propinsi Jambi. Bulletin of Scientific Contribution, 14(3), 251–262.
Zolnikov, T. R. (2012). Science of the Total Environment Limitations in small artisanal gold mining addressed by educational components paired with alternative mining methods. Science of the Total Environment, The, 419, 1–6. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.017
Zvarivadza, T., & Nhleko, A. S. (2017). Resolving artisanal and small-scale mining challenges: Moving from conflict to cooperation for sustainability in mine planning. Resources Policy, (August), 0–1. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.12.003
Angel, B. M., Simpson, S. L., Jarolimek, C. V., Jung, R., Waworuntu, J., & Batterham, G. (2013). Trace metals associated with deep-sea tailings placement at the Batu Hijau copper-gold mine, Sumbawa, Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 73(1), 306–313. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.013
Auger, N., Duplaix, M., Bilodeau-Bertrand, M., Lo, E., & Smargiassi, A. (2018). Environmental noise pollution and risk of preeclampsia. Environmental Pollution, 239, 599–606. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.060
Avcı, D. (2015). Geoforum Mining conflicts and transformative politics : A comparison of Intag ( Ecuador ) and Mount Ida ( Turkey ) environmental struggles. Geoforum. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.07.013
Christine, L., Anderson, H., Karoui, H., Podgorski, J., & Yacouba, H. (2018). Prediction model for cyanide soil pollution in artisanal gold mining area by using logistic regression. Catena, 162(November 2017), 40–50. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.11.018
Dutu, R. (2016). Challenges and policies in Indonesia â€TM s energy sector. Energy Policy, 98, 513–519. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.09.009
Engstrom, D. R., Fitzgerald, W. F., Cooke, C. A., Lamborg, C. H., Drevnick, P. E., Swain, E. B., … Balcom, P. H. (2014). Atmospheric Hg Emissions from Preindustrial Gold and Silver Extraction in the Americas: A Reevaluation from Lake-Sediment Archives.
Ferring, D., Hausermann, H., & Effah, E. (2016). The Extractive Industries and Society Site speci fi c : Heterogeneity of small-scale gold mining in Ghana. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3(1), 171–184. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2015.11.014
Hazelhoff, M. H., & Torres, A. M. (2018). Gender differences in mercury-induced hepatotoxicity: Potential mechanisms. Chemosphere, 202, 330–338. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.106
Hoeber, O., Hoeber, L., Snelgrove, R., & Wood, L. (2017). Interactively producing purposive samples for qualitative research using exploratory search. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1798, 19–21.
Kepala Desa. (2017). Laporan Tahunan Desa Pekan Gedang.
Kitula, A. G. N. (2006). The Environmental and Socio-economic Impacts of Mining on Local Livelihoods in Tanzania : A Case Study of Geita District. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(14), 405–414. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.01.012
Kumar, A., Divoll, T. J., Ganguli, P. M., Trama, F. A., & Lamborg, C. H. (2018). Presence of artisanal gold mining predicts mercury bioaccumulation in five genera of bats ( Chiroptera ) *. Environmental Pollution, 236, 862–870. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.109
Langston, J. D., Lubis, M. I., Sayer, J. A., Margules, C., Boedhihartono, A. K., & Dirks, P. H. G. M. (2015). Comparative development benefits from small and large-scale mines in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Extractive Industries and Society, 2(3), 434–444. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2015.02.007
Limbong, D., Kumampung, J., Rimper, J., Arai, T., & Miyazaki, N. (2003). Emissions and environmental implications of mercury from artisanal gold mining in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The science of the Total Environment, 302(1–3), 227–236. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00397-2
Male, Y. T., Reichelt-Brushett, A. J., Pocock, M., & Nanlohy, A. (2013). Recent mercury contamination from artisanal gold mining on Buru Island, Indonesia - Potential future risks to environmental health and food safety. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 77(1–2), 428–433. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.011
Nakazawa, K., Nagafuchi, O., Kawakami, T., Inoue, T., Yokota, K., Serikawa, Y., … Elvince, R. (2016). Human health risk assessment of mercury vapour around artisanal small-scale gold mining area, Palu city, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 124, 155–162. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.042
Owusu-Nimo, F., Mantey, J., Nyarko, K. B., Appiah-Effah, E., & Aubynn, A. (2018). Spatial Distribution Patterns of Illegal Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (Galamsey) Operations in Ghana: A focus on the Western Region. Heliyon, 4(2), 1–36. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00534
Palacios-torres, Y., Caballero-gallardo, K., & Olivero-verbel, J. (2017). Mercury pollution by gold mining in a global biodiversity hotspot, the Choco biogeographic region, Colombia. Chemosphere. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.160
Ramires, C. R. (2007). Ethnobotany And The Loss Of Traditional Knowledge In The 21st Century. Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 5, 245–247.
Ranjan, R. (2018). The role of political-industry nexus in promoting illegal extraction of mineral resources and deforestation: A case of iron ore mining in Goa. Resources Policy, (February), 1–15. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.02.010
Rava, T., & Ramirez, D. (2018). A Systematic Review on The Management and Treatment of Mercury in Artisanal Gold Mining. The science of the Total Environment, 633, 816–824. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.241
Rettberg, A., & Ortiz-Riomalo, J. F. (2016). Golden Opportunity, or a New Twist on the Resource-Conflict Relationship: Links Between the Drug Trade and Illegal Gold Mining in Colombia. World Development, 84, 82–96. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.03.020
Shepherd, T., Rumengan, I., & Sahami, A. (2018). Post-depositional behaviour of mercury and arsenic in submarine mine tailings deposited in Buyat Bay, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Marine Environmental Research. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.028
Simbolon, D., Maxwel, S., Yulina, S., & Metode, M. (2010). Kandungan Merkuri dan Sianida pada Ikan yang Tertangkap dari Teluk Kao, Halmahera Utara. Ilmu Kelautan, 15(3), 126–134.
Spiegel, S. J. (2012). Governance Institutions, Resource Rights Regimes, and the Informal Mining Sector: Regulatory Complexities in Indonesia. World Development, 40(1), 189–205. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.015
Steckling, N., Tobollik, M., Plass, D., Hornberg, C., Ericson, B., Fuller, R., & Bose-O’Reilly, S. (2017). Global Burden of Disease of Mercury Used in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining. Annals of Global Health, 83(2), 234–247. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.12.005
Supangat A.B. (2013). Pengaruh gangguan pada kawasan hutan lindung terhadap kualitas air sungai: studi kasus di provinsi jambi. Indonesian Forest Rehabilitation Journal, 1(1), 75–89.
Syarifah Nurdawati, Niam Mulikhah, M. D. S. (2006). Sumber Daya Perikanan Perairan Sungai Batanghari Jambi. Bawal, 1(1), 1–9.
Telmer, K. H., & Veiga, M. M. (2008). World emissions of mercury from artisanal and small-scale gold mining. Mercury fate and transport in the global atmosphere: measurements, models and policy implications (UNEP global mercury partnership, mercury transport and fate research partnership ar. In Springer (pp. 131–132). http://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2
Tudesque, L., Grenouillet, G., Gevrey, M., Khazraie, K., & Brosse, S. (2012). Influence of small-scale gold mining on French Guiana streams : Are diatom assemblages valid disturbance sensors ? Ecological Indicators, 14, 100–106. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.018
Veiga, M. M., Angeloci-Santos, G., & Meech, J. A. (2014). Review of barriers to reduce mercury use in artisanal gold mining. Extractive Industries and Society, 1(2), 351–361. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2014.03.004
Veiga, M. M., Angeloci, G., Hitch, M., & Colon Velasquez-Lopez, P. (2014). Processing centres in artisanal gold mining. Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 535–544. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.015
Werthmann, K. (2017). The drawbacks of privatization: Artisanal gold mining in Burkina Faso 1986–2016. Resources Policy, 52(January), 418–426. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.04.007
Yulianti, R., Sukiyah, E., & Sulaksana, N. (2016). Dampak Limbah Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin (PETI) terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Limun Kabupaten Sarolangun Propinsi Jambi. Bulletin of Scientific Contribution, 14(3), 251–262.
Zolnikov, T. R. (2012). Science of the Total Environment Limitations in small artisanal gold mining addressed by educational components paired with alternative mining methods. Science of the Total Environment, The, 419, 1–6. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.017
Zvarivadza, T., & Nhleko, A. S. (2017). Resolving artisanal and small-scale mining challenges: Moving from conflict to cooperation for sustainability in mine planning. Resources Policy, (August), 0–1. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.12.003