Earthquakes in Javanese theological interpretation: The study of Serat Primbon manuscripts from the Yogyakarta Sultanate Palace
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Published:
Aug 31, 2019
Keywords:
Java manuscript, earthquake, Keraton, Javanese culture, Yogyakarta Sultanate Palace
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Abstract
This article examined the Javanese view on the earthquakes recorded in the manuscripts. Javanese people were chosen because they have a typical and unique view in interacting with fellow humans, nature and God. While the manuscripts were placed as a database, because it is a historical record, thoughts, attitudes, views in the past. There are three problems examined in this article, namely: how are the understanding and attitudes of the Javanese people towards earthquake events, what are the factors influencing that understanding, and what are the functions in disaster mitigation? By using Karl Mannheim's sociological theory of knowledge, it was found that Javanese people understand earthquakes as a sign system attached to predictive and subjective-imaginative meanings and spiritually responded to by prayer and slametan ceremonies. And the most important thing found in this study is that the Javanese understand the earthquakes actively and positively, in which they always move from one destiny to another to maintain harmony and safety.
Article Details
How to Cite
Gusmian, I. (2019). Earthquakes in Javanese theological interpretation: The study of Serat Primbon manuscripts from the Yogyakarta Sultanate Palace. Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability, 3(2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v3i2.79
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References
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Earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(1), 43–61. http://doi.org/10.1785/0120050614
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Giri, W. (2010). Sajen dan Ritual Orang Jawa. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Narasi.
Gusman, A. R., Tanioka, Y., Matsumoto, H., & Iwasaki, S. (2009). Analysis of the Tsunami Generated by the Great 1977 Sumba Earthquake that Occurred in Indonesia. Bulletin of the Sismological Society of America, 99(4), 2169–2179. http://doi.org/10.1785/0120080324
Hayakawa, M., Itoh, T., Hattori, K., & Yumoto, K. (2000). ULF electromagnetic precursors for an earthquake at Biak, Indonesia on February 17, 1996. Geohysical Research Letters, 27(10), 1531–1534.
Henry, C., & Das, S. (2002). The Mw 8.2, 17 February 1996 Biak, Indonesia, earthquake: Rupture history, aftershocks, and fault plane properties. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 1–16. http://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000796
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Indiyanto, A., & Kuswanjono, A. (2012b). Konstruksi Masyarakat Tangguh Bencana. Bandung: Mizan & CRCS UGM.
Indiyanto, A., & Kuswanjono, A. (2012c). Respons Masyarakat Lokal atas Bencana, Kajian Integratif Ilmu, Agama, dan Budaya. Bandung: Mizan & CRCS UGM.
Keefer, D. K. (2002). Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes – A historical review. Survey in Geophysics, 23, 473–510.
Kerle, N. (2010). International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation Satellite-based damage mapping following the 2006 Indonesia earthquake — How accurate was it ?, 12, 466–476. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2010.07.004
Koentjaraningrat. (1984). Kebudayaan Jawa. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Latief, H., Puspito, N., & Imamura, F. (2000). Tsunami Catalog and Zones in Indonesia. Journal of Natural Disaster Science, 22(1), 25–43. http://doi.org/10.2328/jnds.22.25
Lubis, N. (2007). Naskah, Teks, dan Metode Penelitian Filologi. Jakarta: Puslitbang Lektur Keagamaan.
Manga, M., Brumm, M., & Rudolph, M. L. (2009). Earthquake triggering of mud volcanoes. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26, 1785–1798. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.01.019
Mangkunagara IV. (1989). Serat Wedhatama. Dahara Prize.
Mannheim, K. (1949). Ideology and Utopia, an Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge. Harcourt: Brace.
Mase, L. Z. (2019). The empirical analysis of soil liquefaction in Imogiri site, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Potensi: Journal Sipil Politeknik, 21(1), 37–41. http://doi.org/10.35313/potensi.v21i1.1315
Mccloskey, J., Antonioli, A., Piatanesi, A., Sieh, K., Steacy, S., Nalbant, S., … Dunlop, P. (2008). Tsunami threat in the Indian Ocean from a future megathrust earthquake west of Sumatra. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(December 2004), 61–81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.034
Mccloskey, J., Lange, D., Tilmann, F., Nalbant, S. S., Bell, A. F., Natawidjaja, D. H., & Rietbrock, A. (2010). The September 2009 Padang earthquake Darwin’s geological time dilemma. Nature Geoscience, 3(2), 70–71. http://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo753
Nakamura, S. (1979). A Note on the Indonesian Earthquake and Tsunmi of 19 August 1977. Southeast Asian Studies, 17(1), 157–162.
Natawidjaja, D. H., Sieh, K., Chlieh, M., Galetzka, J., Suwargadi, B. W., Cheng, H., … Ward, S. N. (2006). Source parameters of the great Sumatran megathrust earthquakes of 1797 and 1833 inferred from coral microatolls. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, 1–37. http://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004025
Okal, E. A., & Reymond, D. (2003). The mechanism of great Banda Sea earthquake of 1 February 1938: applying the method of preliminary determination of focal mechanism to a historical event. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 216, 1–15.
Paradise, T. R. (2005). Perception of earthquake risk in Agadir, Marocco: A Case Study from Muslim community. Enveronmental Hazards, 6, 167–180.
Purbatjaraka, R. N. (1985). Ajaran Rahasia Sunan Bonang Suluk Wujil Jakarta. Jakarta: Depdikbud.
Ritzer, G. (2012). Teori Sosiologi: dari Sosiologi Klasik sampai Perkembangan Terakhir Postmodern, terjemahan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Ritzer, G., & Goodman, D. J. (2004). Teori Sosiologi Modern, terj. Jakarta: Kencana.
Rosenzweig, C., Livermore, M., Jones, J. W., Curry, R. B., Boote, K. J., Allen, L. H., … Fischer, G. (2006). Frictional Afterslip Following the 2005. Science, 312(June), 1921–1925.
Saatcioglu, M., Ghobarah, A., & Nistor, I. (2006). Performance of Structures in Indonesia during the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean. Earthquake Spectra, 22(S3), S295–S319. http://doi.org/10.1193/1.2209171
Satake, K., Putra, P. S., Gusman, A. R., Sunendar, H., Jujii, Y., Tanioka, Y., … Yulianto, E. (2012). Tsunami Source of the 2010 Mentawai , Indonesia Earthquake Inferred from Tsunami Field Survey and Waveform Modeling Pure and Applied Geophysics Tsunami Source of the 2010 Mentawai , Indonesia Earthquake Inferred from Tsunami Field Survey and Waveform Mode. Pure Appplied Geophysics, 9–10, 1567–1582. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-012-0536-y
Satyana, A. H. (2007). Bencana Geologi dalam “Sandhyâkâla†Jenggala dan Majapahit: Hipotesis Erupsi Gununglumpur Historis Berdasarkan Kitab Pararaton, Serat Kanda, Babad Tanah Jawi; Folklor Timun Mas; Analogi Erupsi LUSI; dan Analisis Geologi Depresi Kendeng-Delta Brantas. In Joint Convention Bali 2007 the 36th IAGI, The 32nd HAGI, and the 29th IATMI Annual Convention and Exhibition Bali, 13-16 November 2007. Bali.
Sholikin, M. (2010). Ritual dan Tradisi Jawa. Suka Buku.
Situmorang, R. ., Smit, R., & Vessem, E. J. Van. (1992). Peta Geologi Lembar Jatirogo, Jawa. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi.
Stein, S., & Nunn, J. A. (1981). Analysis of split normal modes for the 1977 Indonesian earthquake. Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 71(4), 1031–1047.
Tsuji, T., Yamamoto, K., Matsuoka, T., Yamada, Y., Onishi, K., Bahar, A., … Abidin, H. Z. (2009). Earthquake fault of the 26 May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake observed by SAR interferometry. Earth Planets Space, 61, 29–32.
Voight, B., Constantine, E. K., Siswowidjoyo, S., & Torley, R. (2000). Historical eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central
Java, Indonesia, 1768 – 1998. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 100, 69–138. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00134-7
Wang, D., Mori, J., & Uchide, T. (2012). Supershear rupture on multiple faults for the Mw 8.6 Off Northern Sumatra, Indonesia earthquake of April 11, 2012. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(August 2015), 4–9. http://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053622
Wardana, J. H., & Wisnu. (2013). Tri Hita Karana, the Spirit of Bali. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Widayoko, E. (1929). Dewa Roetji. Kediri: Tan Koen Swie.
Yamada, M., Wang, G., & Mukai, K. (2013). The Classification and Features of Earthquake-Induced Landslides in the
World. In K. U. et Al. (Ed.), Earthquake-Induced Landslides (pp. 117–124). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32238-9
Zhou, Y. H., Xu, L. S., & Chen, Y. T. (2002). Source Process of the 4 June 2000 Southern Sumatra, Indonesia, Earthquake. Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 92(5), 2027–2035.
Arinda, I. Y. (2014). Sedekah Bumi (Nyadran) Sebagai Konvensi Tradisi dan Islam Masyarakat Sraturejo Bojonegoro. El-Harakah, 16, 105–106.
Banerjee, P., Pollitz, F., Nagarajan, B., & Bu, R. (2007). Coseismic Slip Distributions of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra – Andaman and 28 March 2005 Nias Earthquakes from GPS Static Offsets. Bulletin of Seismological Society of
America, 97(1), 86–102. http://doi.org/10.1785/0120050609
Drewes, B. F., & Mojau, J. (2006). Apa itu Teologi? Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia.
Elnashai, A. S., Kim, S. J., Yun, G. J., & Sidarta, D. (2007). The Yogyakarta Earthquake of May 27, 2006.
Engdahl, E. R., Villasen, A., Deshon, H. R., & Thurber, C. H. (2007). Teleseismic Relocation and Assessment of Seismicity (1918 – 2005) in the Region of the 2004 Mw 9.0 Sumatra – Andaman and 2005 M w 8 . 6 Nias Island Great
Earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(1), 43–61. http://doi.org/10.1785/0120050614
Ferguson, S. B., Wright, D. F., & Packer, J. L. (1988). Theology. Downer Groves, Illionis: InterVarsity Press.
Giri, W. (2010). Sajen dan Ritual Orang Jawa. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Narasi.
Gusman, A. R., Tanioka, Y., Matsumoto, H., & Iwasaki, S. (2009). Analysis of the Tsunami Generated by the Great 1977 Sumba Earthquake that Occurred in Indonesia. Bulletin of the Sismological Society of America, 99(4), 2169–2179. http://doi.org/10.1785/0120080324
Hayakawa, M., Itoh, T., Hattori, K., & Yumoto, K. (2000). ULF electromagnetic precursors for an earthquake at Biak, Indonesia on February 17, 1996. Geohysical Research Letters, 27(10), 1531–1534.
Henry, C., & Das, S. (2002). The Mw 8.2, 17 February 1996 Biak, Indonesia, earthquake: Rupture history, aftershocks, and fault plane properties. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 1–16. http://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000796
Hermansyah. (2012). Naskah Ta’bir Gempa: Antara Mitigasi Bencana dan Kearifan Lokal di Aceh (Kajian Terhadap Naskah-Naskah Kuno). In Seminar Internasional Aceh Development Intenational Conference (ADIC) ke III 26-28 Maret 2012. Kuala Lumpur.
Hidayat, D., Barker, J. S., & Satake, K. (1995). Modeling the Seismic Source and Tsunami Generation of the December 12, 1992 Flores Island, Indonesia, Earthquake. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 144(3/4), 537–554.
Indiyanto, A., & Kuswanjono, A. (2012a). Agama, Budaya, dan Bencana, Kajian Integratif Ilmu, Agama, dan Budaya. Bandung: Mizan & CRCS UGM.
Indiyanto, A., & Kuswanjono, A. (2012b). Konstruksi Masyarakat Tangguh Bencana. Bandung: Mizan & CRCS UGM.
Indiyanto, A., & Kuswanjono, A. (2012c). Respons Masyarakat Lokal atas Bencana, Kajian Integratif Ilmu, Agama, dan Budaya. Bandung: Mizan & CRCS UGM.
Keefer, D. K. (2002). Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes – A historical review. Survey in Geophysics, 23, 473–510.
Kerle, N. (2010). International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation Satellite-based damage mapping following the 2006 Indonesia earthquake — How accurate was it ?, 12, 466–476. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2010.07.004
Koentjaraningrat. (1984). Kebudayaan Jawa. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Latief, H., Puspito, N., & Imamura, F. (2000). Tsunami Catalog and Zones in Indonesia. Journal of Natural Disaster Science, 22(1), 25–43. http://doi.org/10.2328/jnds.22.25
Lubis, N. (2007). Naskah, Teks, dan Metode Penelitian Filologi. Jakarta: Puslitbang Lektur Keagamaan.
Manga, M., Brumm, M., & Rudolph, M. L. (2009). Earthquake triggering of mud volcanoes. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26, 1785–1798. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.01.019
Mangkunagara IV. (1989). Serat Wedhatama. Dahara Prize.
Mannheim, K. (1949). Ideology and Utopia, an Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge. Harcourt: Brace.
Mase, L. Z. (2019). The empirical analysis of soil liquefaction in Imogiri site, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Potensi: Journal Sipil Politeknik, 21(1), 37–41. http://doi.org/10.35313/potensi.v21i1.1315
Mccloskey, J., Antonioli, A., Piatanesi, A., Sieh, K., Steacy, S., Nalbant, S., … Dunlop, P. (2008). Tsunami threat in the Indian Ocean from a future megathrust earthquake west of Sumatra. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(December 2004), 61–81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.034
Mccloskey, J., Lange, D., Tilmann, F., Nalbant, S. S., Bell, A. F., Natawidjaja, D. H., & Rietbrock, A. (2010). The September 2009 Padang earthquake Darwin’s geological time dilemma. Nature Geoscience, 3(2), 70–71. http://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo753
Nakamura, S. (1979). A Note on the Indonesian Earthquake and Tsunmi of 19 August 1977. Southeast Asian Studies, 17(1), 157–162.
Natawidjaja, D. H., Sieh, K., Chlieh, M., Galetzka, J., Suwargadi, B. W., Cheng, H., … Ward, S. N. (2006). Source parameters of the great Sumatran megathrust earthquakes of 1797 and 1833 inferred from coral microatolls. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, 1–37. http://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004025
Okal, E. A., & Reymond, D. (2003). The mechanism of great Banda Sea earthquake of 1 February 1938: applying the method of preliminary determination of focal mechanism to a historical event. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 216, 1–15.
Paradise, T. R. (2005). Perception of earthquake risk in Agadir, Marocco: A Case Study from Muslim community. Enveronmental Hazards, 6, 167–180.
Purbatjaraka, R. N. (1985). Ajaran Rahasia Sunan Bonang Suluk Wujil Jakarta. Jakarta: Depdikbud.
Ritzer, G. (2012). Teori Sosiologi: dari Sosiologi Klasik sampai Perkembangan Terakhir Postmodern, terjemahan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Ritzer, G., & Goodman, D. J. (2004). Teori Sosiologi Modern, terj. Jakarta: Kencana.
Rosenzweig, C., Livermore, M., Jones, J. W., Curry, R. B., Boote, K. J., Allen, L. H., … Fischer, G. (2006). Frictional Afterslip Following the 2005. Science, 312(June), 1921–1925.
Saatcioglu, M., Ghobarah, A., & Nistor, I. (2006). Performance of Structures in Indonesia during the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean. Earthquake Spectra, 22(S3), S295–S319. http://doi.org/10.1193/1.2209171
Satake, K., Putra, P. S., Gusman, A. R., Sunendar, H., Jujii, Y., Tanioka, Y., … Yulianto, E. (2012). Tsunami Source of the 2010 Mentawai , Indonesia Earthquake Inferred from Tsunami Field Survey and Waveform Modeling Pure and Applied Geophysics Tsunami Source of the 2010 Mentawai , Indonesia Earthquake Inferred from Tsunami Field Survey and Waveform Mode. Pure Appplied Geophysics, 9–10, 1567–1582. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-012-0536-y
Satyana, A. H. (2007). Bencana Geologi dalam “Sandhyâkâla†Jenggala dan Majapahit: Hipotesis Erupsi Gununglumpur Historis Berdasarkan Kitab Pararaton, Serat Kanda, Babad Tanah Jawi; Folklor Timun Mas; Analogi Erupsi LUSI; dan Analisis Geologi Depresi Kendeng-Delta Brantas. In Joint Convention Bali 2007 the 36th IAGI, The 32nd HAGI, and the 29th IATMI Annual Convention and Exhibition Bali, 13-16 November 2007. Bali.
Sholikin, M. (2010). Ritual dan Tradisi Jawa. Suka Buku.
Situmorang, R. ., Smit, R., & Vessem, E. J. Van. (1992). Peta Geologi Lembar Jatirogo, Jawa. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi.
Stein, S., & Nunn, J. A. (1981). Analysis of split normal modes for the 1977 Indonesian earthquake. Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 71(4), 1031–1047.
Tsuji, T., Yamamoto, K., Matsuoka, T., Yamada, Y., Onishi, K., Bahar, A., … Abidin, H. Z. (2009). Earthquake fault of the 26 May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake observed by SAR interferometry. Earth Planets Space, 61, 29–32.
Voight, B., Constantine, E. K., Siswowidjoyo, S., & Torley, R. (2000). Historical eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central
Java, Indonesia, 1768 – 1998. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 100, 69–138. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00134-7
Wang, D., Mori, J., & Uchide, T. (2012). Supershear rupture on multiple faults for the Mw 8.6 Off Northern Sumatra, Indonesia earthquake of April 11, 2012. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(August 2015), 4–9. http://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053622
Wardana, J. H., & Wisnu. (2013). Tri Hita Karana, the Spirit of Bali. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Widayoko, E. (1929). Dewa Roetji. Kediri: Tan Koen Swie.
Yamada, M., Wang, G., & Mukai, K. (2013). The Classification and Features of Earthquake-Induced Landslides in the
World. In K. U. et Al. (Ed.), Earthquake-Induced Landslides (pp. 117–124). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32238-9
Zhou, Y. H., Xu, L. S., & Chen, Y. T. (2002). Source Process of the 4 June 2000 Southern Sumatra, Indonesia, Earthquake. Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 92(5), 2027–2035.