Techniques in chitosan extraction from indigenous crab and utilization in bio-filtration of crude oil polluted water
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The techniques for chitosan extraction from indigenous crabs were assessed using physicochemical properties of the chitosan, and its utilization in the treatment of crude oil polluted water was investigated. Physicochemical properties, heavy metal analytic method (AAS), and hydrocarbon analysis (GC-MS method) of the water samples were employed for this investigation. Results obtained from the physical and chemical properties of the chitosan extracted from indigenous crabs (Scylla species) showed a comparable percentage yield (53% and 50%) compared to synthetic chitosan (72%). The pH values obtained from the chitosan ranged from 6.9 – 13.0, while the percentage degree of deacetylation (DDA) ranged from 60 – 75%. The water quality obtained from Ochani River, filtered with chitosan, yielded the best result with chitosan C compared to chitosan B. The heavy metal content in the polluted Ochani River was totally removed with the control (synthetic chitosan A) compared to chitosan C, which showed a comparably reduction. However, the bio-filtration with chitosan B also revealed better reduction compared to chitosan A. The study established that irrespective of the crude method applied in the extraction of the chitosan from indigenous crabs, its efficacy in treating crude oil-polluted Ochani River was highly impactful.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Adeniji, A. O., Okoh, O. O., & Okoh, A. I. (2017). Petroleum Hydrocarbon Fingerprints of Water and Sediment Samples of Buffalo River Estuary in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2017, 2629365. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2629365
Adoki, A. (2011). Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contamination Profile of Ochani Stream in Ejamah Ebubu, Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 15(4), 547–557.
Agarwal, M., Agarwal, M. K., Shrivastav, N., Pandey, S., & Gaur, P. (2018). A Simple and Effective Method for Preparation of Chitosan from Chitin. International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research, 4(2), 1721–1728. https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.2.18
Ali, M., Shakeel, M., & Mehmood, K. (2019). Extraction and characterization of high purity chitosan by rapid and simple techniques from mud crabs taken from Abbottabad. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 32(1), 171–175.
Croisier, F., & Jérôme, C. (2013). Chitosan-based biomaterials for tissue engineering. European Polymer Journal, 49(4), 780–792. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.12.009
Etim, A. O. (2018). Physicochemical Properties of Crude Oil Blends In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Int J Recent Sci Res., 9(5), 26722–26729. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0905.2111
Gaikwad, B., Koli, J. M., & Desai, S. A. (2015). Isolation and characterization of chitosan from crab (Scylla serrata) shell waste. International Journal of Sciences & Applied Research, 2(8), 78–84. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307416430_Isolation_and_characterization_of_chitosan_from_crab_Scylla_serrata_shell_waste
García, M. A., Montelongo, I., Rivero, A., Paz, N. de la, Mirna, Fernández, & Villavicencio, M. N. de. (2016). Treatment of Wastewater from Fish Processing Industry using Chitosan Acid Salts. International Journal of Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.16966/2381-5299.121
Islam, M. A. S., Hossain, M. E., & Majed, N. (2021). Assessment of Physicochemical Properties and Comparative Pollution Status of the Dhaleshwari River in Bangladesh. Earth (Switzerland), 2(4), 696–714. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth2040041
Koilparambil, D., Rebello, S., & Shanava, J. M. (2014). A Simple and Effective Method for Extraction of High Purity Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Applied Science and Environmental Engineering-ASEE, January, 141–145. https://doi.org/10.15224/ 978-1-63248-004-0-93 A
Lee, J., Kim, S., & Jeon, R. (2016). Optimal design for adiabatic pipes using vacuum at cryogenic temperatures. Journal of Advances in Technology and Engineering Research, 2(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.20474/-jater2.1.2
Lertwattanaseri, T., Ichikawa, N., Mizoguchi, T., Tanaka, Y., & Chirachanchai, S. (2009). Microwave technique for efficient deacetylation of chitin nanowhiskers to a chitosan nanoscaffold. Carbohydrate Research, 344(3), 331–335. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2008.10.018
Nwogu, E. U., Udebuani, A. C., & Ugwu, T. N. (2022). Heavy Metal Contamination Index, Metal Index and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content of Ochani River in Ogoni, Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 31(9), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2022/v31i9780
Ochekwu, E. B., & Ezekwe, T. C. (2020). Phytoremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Water by Pistia stratiotes L. Journal of Plant Sciences, 15(1), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.3923/jps.2020.17.21
Pambudi, G. B. R., Ulfin, I., Harmami, H., Suprapto, S., Kurniawan, F., & Ni’mah, Y. L. (2018). Synthesis of water-soluble chitosan from crab shells (Scylla serrata) waste. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2049(1), 20086. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5082491
Qureshimatva, U., Maurya, R., Gamit, S., Patel, R., & Solanki, H. (2015). Determination of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Water Quality Index (Wqi) of Chandlodia Lake, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, 05(04), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000288
Rahmi, C. N. A., Husnina, A. N., Trismiarni, M. E., Putri, M. D. C., Sudistya, D., Julianto, T. S., & Salmahaminati. (2017). Synthesis of chitosan from the crab shell with encapsulation method. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 12(18), 4725–4729. https://doi.org/10.3923/jeasci.2017.4725.4729
Rizeq, B. R., Younes, N. N., Rasool, K., & Nasrallah, G. K. (2019). Synthesis, bioapplications, and toxicity evaluation of chitosan-based nanoparticles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20, 5776. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225776
Sarbon, N. M., Sandanamsamy, S., Kamaruzaman, S. F. S., & Ahmad, F. (2015). Chitosan extracted from mud crab (Scylla olivicea) shells: physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(7), 4266–4275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1522-4
Sudha, P. N., Aisverya, S., Gomathi, T., Vijayalakshmi, K., Saranya, M., Sangeetha, K., Latha, S., & Thomas, S. (2017). Application of Chitin/Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Adsorbents, Coagulants, and Flocculants. In S. Ahmed & S. Ikram (Eds.), Chitosan: Derivatives, Composites and Applications. Scrivener Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119364849.ch17
Ugwu, T. N., Anuli, N. A., Ekwutosi, O. T., & Anayochukwu, A. E. (2021). Compositional Assessment of Selected Plant-based Substrates for Biogas Production. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 24(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i330202
Ukachukwu, C. O., Udebuani, A. C., & Ugwu, T. N. (2022). Screening of Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in a Typical Urban City Center, Owerri, Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 25(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.9734/JABB/2022/v25i330270
Vidal, R. R. L., Desbrières, J., Borsali, R., & Borsali, R. (2020). Oil removal from crude oil-in-saline water emulsions using chitosan as biosorbent. Separation Science and Technology, 55(5), 835–847.
WHO (2004). Drinking Water Quality Standard. Wolrd Health Organization. Geneva
WHO (2011). Guideline for Drinking-water Quality Fourth Edition. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Zhong, M., Liu, S., Li, K., Jiang, H., Jiang, T., & Tang, G. (2021). Modeling Spatial Patterns of Dissolved Oxygen and the Impact Mechanisms in a Cascade River. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9(November), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.781646